Diving into the world of the katana requires a thorough understanding of its various parts, all referred to by specific Japanese terms. This guide will help you familiarize yourself with these terms and appreciate the complexity and craftsmanship behind each katana.
1. The Blade of the Katana
A. Nagasa
The Nagasa refers to the length of the blade. It is measured in a straight line from the notch at the back of the habaki (called munemachi) to the tip of the blade. This measurement is crucial for determining the type and category of the katana.
B. Sori
The Sori measures the curvature of the blade. This curvature can vary and is classified according to its intensity. The sori affects not only the katana’s aesthetics but also its functionality in combat.
C. Shinogi & Shinogi-Ji
The Shinogi is the longitudinal ridge of the blade, separating the cutting edge from the flat of the blade. The flat part is called the Shinogi-Ji. These two elements play a key role in the blade’s structure and strength.
D. Hamon
The Hamon is the distinct temper line that separates the hard, cutting edge of the blade from the softer part. This pattern is created by a differential heating and quenching process, and each hamon is unique, influencing the price and quality of the katana.
E. Boshi
The Boshi is the extension of the hamon into the tip (kissaki) of the katana. A good polish of the kissaki reveals the boshi, a crucial element for the aesthetics and efficiency of the tip.
F. Yokote
The Yokote is the line that separates the main blade from the kissaki. While some katanas may have a continuous blade without a yokote, most have one to clearly define the tip.
G. Kissaki
The Kissaki is the tip of the katana. The size and shape of the kissaki can vary, influencing the blade’s appearance and cutting capabilities.
H. Ha
The Ha is the cutting edge of the blade. This part is hardened through the quenching process to ensure a durable and resilient edge.
I. Bo-Hi
The Bo-Hi is a groove carved into the blade to reduce its weight and adjust its balance. This groove also produces a distinct sound during cuts, helping to evaluate the cutting technique.
J. Nakago
The Nakago is the tang of the blade, the part extending under the handle. This is where the blacksmith’s signature is often found. The nakago plays an essential role in the katana’s strength and balance.
2. Katana Sheath
A. Saya
The Saya is the katana’s sheath, usually made of lacquered wood. It is designed to allow quick drawing while keeping the katana secure.
B. Shitadome & Kurigata
The Shitadome and Kurigata are elements that allow the sageo (cord) to be tied. They add both functionality and aesthetics to the sheath.
C. Sageo
The Sageo is the cord used to attach the katana to the belt. It comes in various materials and colors, often matching the handle (tsuka) for visual consistency.
3. Between the Handle and Blade of the Katana
A. Habaki & Seppa
The Habaki is a metal collar that holds the blade in place in the sheath and absorbs shocks. The Seppa are washers that fill the gaps between the habaki, the tsuba (guard), and the handle, adding stability and reducing vibrations.
B. Tsuba
The Tsuba is the katana’s guard, protecting the hand and preventing it from sliding onto the blade. The tsuba is often decorated and can be a true work of art.
4. The Katana Handle
A. Fuchi
The Fuchi is a metal ring that reinforces the handle’s structure and hides the ends of the wrapping. It is often adorned with traditional patterns.
B. Tsuka-Ito
The Tsuka-Ito is the wrapping around the handle (tsuka). It can be made of cotton, silk, leather, or suede, providing both a firm grip and aesthetic decoration.
C. Same
The Same is the ray or shark skin used under the tsuka-ito to improve grip and absorb shocks.
D. Mekugi
The Mekugi are wooden pegs that secure the handle to the blade. While the handle is solid without them, the mekugi add extra security.
E. Menuki
The Menuki are ornaments placed under the tsuka-ito, adding both grip and decoration.
F. Kashira
The Kashira is the pommel of the katana, often matching the fuchi. It holds the tsuka-ito in place and adds a finishing touch to the handle.
By understanding these different parts, you can better appreciate the complexity and craftsmanship behind each katana, as well as the Japanese terms used to describe these elements.